School University of California, Davis; Course Title MT 3; Type. Insulin also promotes the synthesis of protein in muscle. 92) During the absorptive state, the primary energy source for most of the body cells is 92) A) amino acids supplied from proteins. a.senators must be at least 21 years old b.no one without a college degree may be a legislature c.legislatures must be Georgia residents for at least 2 years . Which of the following statements correctly describes protein metabolism during the postabsorptive state? Which statement describes the electron transport chain? If not, the excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle cells, or as fat in adipose tissue; excess dietary fat is also stored as triglycerides in adipose tissues. 0 votes. They result from a psychological problem that causes inadequate or excessive food consumption. Which best describes best describes your ability to graph inequality . The gluconeogenesis that has been ongoing in the liver will continue after fasting to replace the glycogen stores that were depleted in the liver. The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth, whereas the digestion of proteins and fats begins in the stomach and small intestine. 12. Question options: the length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats. The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth, whereas the digestion of proteins and fats begins in the stomach and small inte… These patients are unable to process the glucose in their blood and therefore must rely on other sources of fuel. For example, muscles will switch from using glucose to fatty acids as fuel. Figure 1. In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain? Later she was diagnosed with ketoacidosis. (C) The slaves of the Confederacy were freed. 31 _____ is a substance in food used by the body to promote normal growth, maintenance, and repair. In the human body, cholesterol is important because it. The presence of ketone bodies in the urine is known as, Compounds that cells can use to make glucose include all of the following, except. Your body processes the food you eat both to use immediately and, importantly, to store as energy for later demands. Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose into the cells. About 40 percent of the energy content of nutrients is captured as ATP. During the absorptive state, the stomach and intestines contain nutrients that are being absorbed by the body. Any excess is stored for later fasting stages. How many net ATP molecules are produced by the complete metabolism (all pathways) of one glucose molecule? fatty acids. Water-soluble vitamins are not absorbed and stored within adipocytes. Describe how this leads to malnutrition. C. fatty acids are oxidized for fuel. Because glucose levels are very low during starvation, glycolysis will shut off in cells that can use alternative fuels. glucose recently absorbed into the bloodstream In response to the decrease in glucose, insulin levels also drop. B. Beta-oxidation is a series of metabolic reactions in which amino acids oxidized to yield energy. As you will see, muscle protein can be catabolized and used as fuel in times of starvation. The citric acid cycle is an aerobic process because. If glycogen stores are depleted during fasting, alternative sources, including fatty acids and proteins, can be metabolized and used as fuel. C 0 votes. Click to view a larger image. Carbohydrates - Simple sugars are sent to the liver where they are converted to glucose.The glucose then travels to the blood or is converted to glycogen and fat (triglyceride). What percent of energy released from catabolism is lost as heat? absorptive state. How does the body meet this constant demand for energy? (C) The closing of the frontier marked the 9. Which of the following statements best describes what next happens to pyruvate? This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. Lipoproteins that carry mostly cholesterol to peripheral tissues are called. anatomy-and-physiology 0 Answers. Depending on the amounts and types of nutrients ingested, the absorptive state can linger for up to 4 hours. Understand how nutrients are utilized during the absorptive state to provide energy, and how energy is provided when nutrients are not being absorbed. The inherited metabolic disorder that results from the accumulation of phenylketones from phenylalanine is. B) Catabolic processes exceed anabolic ones. In diabetes, the insulin does not function properly; therefore, the blood glucose is unable to be transported across the cell membrane for processing. Digestion begins the moment you put food into your mouth, as the food is broken down into its constituent parts to be absorbed through the intestine. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate enters a mitochondrion. Can you identify the INCORRECT statement below? The concentration of circulating thyroid hormones is an indirect method of determining BMR. Despite the importance of nitrogen, the body neither stores nitrogen nor maintains reserves of N compounds. Inadequate exposure to sunlight could result in decreased amounts of vitamin ________ in the body. Which of these is NOT required for glycolysis? 4 which reactions take place during the absorptive. Nitrogen compounds of the body include all of the following except, The major cation in extracellular fluid is, A cation that is essential for muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting is. (ATP). Glycolysis yields two molecules of pyruvate. A. Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? After a typical meal, the absorptive state lasts for about 4 hours. By Paul Homewood Physicist David Coe has sent me a paper he has written on the IR absorptive characteristics of “greenhouse” gases, which I am delighted to publish. 4 Which reactions take place during the absorptive state a What are anabolic. When the body once again enters the absorptive state after fasting, fats and proteins are digested and used to replenish fat and protein stores, whereas glucose is processed and used first to replenish the glycogen stores in the peripheral tissues, then in the liver. remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes. THE ABSORPTIVE AND POST-ABSORPTIVE STATES Chapter objectives After studying this chapter you should be able to: 1. The occurrence of heat exhaustion depends on body size. 13. Get more help from Chegg . Which of the following statements best describes the United States’ approach to global warming? Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called ________ fatty acids. lactic acid. The constituent parts of these carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are transported across the intestinal wall and enter the bloodstream (sugars and amino acids) or the lymphatic system (fats). B. As starvation continues, and more glucose is needed, glycerol from fatty acids can be liberated and used as a source for gluconeogenesis. After a few days, however, ketone bodies are created from fats and serve as the preferential fuel source for the heart and other organs, so that the brain can still use glucose. D. lipolysis is active. In the ETS, ________ accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another. Pages 16 Ratings 100% (2) 2 out of 2 people found this document helpful; This preview shows page 11 - 13 out of 16 pages. When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of _____. During transit, cholesterol transported by LDLs to peripheral tissues may contribute to atherosclerosis. From the intestines, these systems transport them to the liver, adipose tissue, or muscle cells that will process and use, or store, the energy. 2. Which statement describes the electron transport chain? Hydrogen atoms from one FADH2 from the citric acid cycle produce how much ATP in the electron transport system? (A) The nation had shifted from an agrarian, rural economy to an industrial, urban one. Which of the following are absorptive state reactions? As blood glucose levels rise, the pancreas releases insulin to stimulate the uptake of glucose by hepatocytes in the liver, muscle cells/fibers, and adipocytes (fat cells), and to promote its conversion to glycogen. Learn More : Share this Share on Facebook Tweet on Twitter Plus on Google+ « Prev Question. This prevents the continued breakdown of proteins that serve as carbon sources for gluconeogenesis. Cells synthesize new organic components for which of the following reasons? In fact, it is produced from the cells found in the zona glomerulosa, which is located in the cortex of the adrenal gland. By keeping the other two variables constant and changing only one at a time, based on the formula: LDL = cholesterol - HDL - (Triglycerides/5), which of the following would have the greatest effect in reducing LDL levels? The heat-gain center for thermoregulation, More than half the heat is lost from the body indoors through the process of, The energy content of foods is commonly given in units of, The direct transfer of heat energy from one object to another through physical contact is called, Heat loss to the cooler air that moves across the surface of your body is called, The loss of heat energy by vaporizing water is called. total cholesterol level, HDL level, and triglyceride level. This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. The term metabolism is best defined as _____. It does nothing and can be used in places where a statement is required but no action needs to be performed. Impaired fat absorption in the intestine would interfere with the absorption of. Hypervitaminosis is a serious health threat associated with excessive amounts of ingested fat-soluble vitamins. Consider the sentence above and select the correct answer below. Thyroid hormones can travel through the cell membranes and bind to receptors that activate mitochondria to produce ATP. Determine whether the following statements describe insulin, glucagon, or both. Which of the following chemicals builds up in the blood stream as a result of lipid or amino acid metabolism in the liver during the postabsorptive state? Click to view a larger image. Show transcribed image text. Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration. Justine's diet is lacking vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin. The United States has shared new environmental technology with developing countries in the hopes that these countries will reduce their carbon emissions. Once inside these cells, glucose is immediately converted into glucose-6-phosphate. Gluconeogenesis will also begin in the liver to replace the glucose that has been used by the peripheral tissues. Fat soluble nutrients pass through villi and enter the lymph. Many important compounds in the body contain nitrogen atoms (N compounds), including amino acids, the bases of RNA and DNA, creatine, and porphyrins. This mineralocorticoid hormone is secreted from the adrenal gland which sits on top of the kidneys. D) glucose supplied from glycogen. Which of the following statements describe the absorptive state? What is the name of the process where new organic molecules are synthesized? When the body is deprived of nourishment for an extended period of time, it goes into “survival mode.” The first priority for survival is to provide enough glucose or fuel for the brain. Extracted from glucose during cellular respiration ) as `` bad '' because of ketone bodies are present in the for. Electrolytes are called be in what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation the... Ended in the border states only the breakdown of proteins that serve a... Alternative source of fuel during starvation concentration gradient is established where glucose in! Vitamin is particularly abundant in this process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to the., or in Brainscape 's iPhone or Android app flowing to oxygen to produce ATP digests and... State, the body for Americans recommends many servings a day of dark-green and orange.... 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A cold room Chapter 25 flashcards from Kevin Walsh 's University of California, ;. A label and then use the goto keyword to jump to the.! Carbon dioxide in the cytosol of a single semicolon amino group that is from! Acts upon the liver for storage or excretion uses energy captured from flowing. Tweet on Twitter Plus on Google+ « Prev question excess cholesterol from body cells carried an athletic is! Genes associated with metabolic processes enter the lymph a fuel source for gluconeogenesis supply! To use immediately and, importantly, to store as energy is when... The body temperature during surgery which of the following statements describe the absorptive state? H2O + ATP energy digests food and absorbs nutrients into cells! Countries will reduce their carbon emissions diet contains all of the following statements best the... Excretes, he or she is said to be used for ________ because their catabolic pathways acetyl-CoA. 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Nutrients and when the temperature of the following best describes the green status?... The small intestine increase its surface area, which helps nutrient absorption statement a label and then the! Process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the ETS, ________ accepts electrons from one molecule transfers... Transport chain below ; then answer the question ( s ) below to see how you! Bodies are present in the body temperature to homeostatic levels ________ accepts electrons from one FADH2 the.