This insight has therefore transformed the field of aDNA, allowing the cost-efficient, genome-wide analysis of hundreds of individual ancient specimens (e.g., Damgaard et al., 2018;Fages et al., 2019;Mathieson et al., 2018; ... BP), and marking the introduction of a more technologically advanced farming society. 3. BP), a typical date for it in the central Pennines. We conclude that multiple, genetically differentiated hunter-gatherer populations adopted farming in southwestern Asia, that components of pre-Neolithic population structure were preserved as farming spread into neighboring regions, and that the Zagros region was the cradle of eastward expansion. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous … The mechanism of its expansion is a topic of long-standing debate, with support for both cultural diffusion and human migration. hal-02006656 2018 Mar 21;555(7697):543. doi: 10.1038/nature26164. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe A genetic study published in Nature in February 2018 examined the entry of WSH ancestry into the British Isles . The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe. This was caused by a technical error which led to a discrepancy between the editorially-accepted version of the manuscript, and the published version.The hypothesis of an Iberian origin of the Bell Beaker has been advanced from the beginning of the 20th century on. A small exercise of archaeology-fiction in which we will trace back the history of research based on the assumption of a central-European origin highlights the structural weakness and the dogmatic character of the hypothesis of the Iberian cradle.